Lupine Publishers | Agriculture Open Access Journal
Introduction
As a result of the agrarian reforms implemented in the Republic of
Azerbaijan, the basis for the dynamic development of
agriculture was created. Major changes have been made in the agrarian
sector, new economic and property relations have been
formed, and the normative legal base has been improved. An important
issue has been raised to improve the quality of erosion lands
and the productivity of agricultural crops.
Keywords: Humus, Soil, Erosion, Layer, Ostepennye, Not washed
To solve various practical issues and, first of all, the most
rational
placement of crops and increase their yield, it is necessary to assess
the soil, taking into account their quality and its change under the
influence of production activities of farms. To this end, the soils of
the natural zones common in the territory of the object were studied.
Their assessment was carried out from the basis of agrochemical
and water-physical properties of soils, the degree of their erosion
and crop yields. The soils of the agricultural zone were estimated
for humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, absorption capacity and some
water-physical properties in 0-2 cm, 0-50cm and 0-100cm soil
layers. The scientifically based allocation of land, a differentiated
system of farming, conducted on the basis of estimates, makes it
possible to improve the productivity of agricultural crops. Among
the soils of the agricultural zone, according to the indices of natural
fertility, the undisturbed mountain-brown steppe soils were the
highest. Which are accepted as a “standard”. Points of other soils
common in these zones are also calculated as a percentage of
the standard. In order to rationally combine and group the soils
that are part of the agricultural zone and are intensively used in
agricultural production, they are grouped into five groups: lands of
the best, good, medium, low and very low dignity. A rather fractional
grouping of soils is based on objective indicators of soil fertility and
their productivity. At the same time, the grouping, based on the
community of lands, allows rational and purposeful use of soils
from an agricultural point of view. Below we dwell on the agroproduction
characteristics of the selected groups. The group is the
land of the best dignity. This group includes undisturbed mountainbrown
steppe soils, the area of which is 9565.0 hectares or 23.89%
of the total area of the agricultural zone, with scores of 81.
The reserves of humus, gross nitrogen, total phosphorus and
absorption capacity in 0-20cm soil layers is 124.11t/ha; 7.23t/
ha; 6.21t/ha and 38.87mg/eq per 100g of soil, in 0-50cm layers,
respectively, 223.42t/ha; 15.41t/ha; 12.62t/ha and 38.17mg/eq
per 100g of soil, and in 0-100cm layers 327.32t/ha; 18.26t/ha;
17.65t/ha and 41.23mg/eq per 100g of soil. For the soils of this
group, special anti-erosion measures were not required. In order
to maintain the natural fertility of these soils, planting of vineyards,
plowing, sowing and tillage should be done across the slope,
observe erosion and agro technical measures. YY group is a land of
good dignity. The area of these lands is 13783.5 hectares or 11.24%
of the total area of the agricultural zone. They are estimated in the
range from 61 to 80 points on a bonitet scale. In this group there
are weakly washed mountain-brown steppe, undistorted and
weakly washed mountain gray-brown, undistorted and weakly washed mountain dark chestnut (dark gray-brown) and floodplain
meadow soils. Reserves of humus in the 0-20cm layer of these
soils reach 57.63-95.12t/ha, in 0-50cm layers 131, 89-208.20t/ha,
and in the meter layers 186.44-301.32t/ha. In comparison with
the first group, this group is less provided with nutrients [1]. The
content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the 0-20cm layer
varies between 3.57 and 5.29t/ha and 3.28-4.97t/ha, in 0-50cm
layers 7.80-11, 31t/ha and 7.80-11.60t/ha, and in the meter layers,
respectively, 9.10-16.12t/ha and 11.16-18.88t/ha. In 0-20cm
layers, the absorption capacity varies between 28.32-36.27mg/eq
per 100g soil, and in 0-50cm layers, respectively, 27.50-36.04mg/
eq per 100g soil. When using these lands, it is necessary to observe general agro
technical measures of a protective nature provided for the land of
the group. To maintain and improve the productivity of the grass
stand and prevent erosion processes on priselskie pastures, it is
necessary to observe the norms and introduce a pennant system
of grazing, to introduce mineral fertilizers. The group is a land
of medium dignity. The area of the soils included in this group is
8130.0 hectares or 20.30% of the total area of the agricultural zone.
These soils are estimated at 41-60 points. This group combines
weakly and medium-washed mountain-brown steppe, low-washed
mountain gray-brown, low-washed mountain-dark chestnut (dark
gray-brown) and unwashed mountain light chestnut (light graybrown)
soils. In these soils, the reserves of humus, gross nitrogen,
total phosphorus and the absorption capacity in the 0-20cm layer
vary between 60.24-63.01t/ha, 3.78-3.84t/ha, 2.83-3, 35t/ ha
and 28.77-30.43mg/eq per 100g of soil, and in the 0-50cm layer,
respectively, 87.78-131.89t/ha, 5.32-7.86t/ha, 5.99-6.05t/ha and
27.71-30.17mg/eq per 100g of soil. When using medium-value
lands, it is necessary to carry out agro technical measures of a
general nature foreseen for the lands of the first and second groups,
and to eradicate areas to implement anti-erosion agro technical
measures. On eroded areas of arable land, use strip crops and strip
buffers from perennial grasses. If necessary, an insignificant part of
the areas on the slopes with a steepness of more than 200 should be
used for sowing perennial grasses with subsequent use as hayfields.
Introduces mineral fertilizers [2].
On slabosmityh sites, reduce the rate of grazing by 25% due
to non-eroded plots and observe the order of grazing. Stony areas
cleaned of stones. YVV group-the land of low dignity. The area of
the lands belonging to this group is 8115.0 hectares or 20.27%
of the total area of the agricultural zone, they are estimated from
21 to 40 points. This group includes strongly washed mountainbrown
ostepennye, medium and heavily washed mountain-brown,
medium and heavily washed mountain dark chestnut (dark graybrown)
and slobosmitye mountain light chestnut (light graybrown)
soils. The reserves of humus in 0-20 cm layers of these soils
reach 36.83-60.72t/ha, in the half-meter layers 73.36-115.29t/
ha, and in the meter layers 126.69-241.80t/ha. The reserves of
total nitrogen fluctuate in 0-20 cm layers from 2.79 to 3.84t/ha,
gross phosphorus 1.78-3.00t/ha, absorption capacity of 26.16 to
26.65mg/eq per 100g soil, and in 0-50 cm layers, respectively: from
5.32 to 5.90t/ha, 3.93 to 6.30t/ha, and 23.84 to 27.86mg/eq per
100g of soil. To restore the fertility of soils in the medium-washed
and heavily washed areas, it is necessary to sow perennial grasses
and apply anti-erosion measures recommended for all previous
groups, to decrease the grazing rates by 50% in priselskie pastures.
In the group - the land is very low dignity. This group includes highly
washed mountain gray-brown and strongly washed mountain dark
chestnut (dark gray-brown) soils and estimated up to 20 points. The
area of these lands is 667.5 hectares or 1.67% of the total area of the
agricultural zone [3]. The reserves of humus, gross nitrogen, gross
phosphorus and absorption capacity in the 0-20 cm layer are 33.26-
36.54t/ha; 2,02-2,42t/ha; 1.51-1.94t/ha and 25.02-26.40mg/eq,
and in the 0-50cm layer, respectively, 78.08-81.25t/ha; 3.84-5.00t/
ha; 3.20-3.75t/ha and 23.56-24.82mg/eq per 100g of soil. When
using these lands, it is necessary to observe the activities of the
previous groups of lands, and to restore the severely eroded grass
stand, additional anti-erosion measures, stone-cleaning works, etc.
will be required.
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