Nutrients Intake and Digestibility of Wild Cocoyam (Caladium Bicolor) based Diets by West African Dwarf Bucks
Abstract
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Effects of Different Weeding Regimes on the Performance of Cassava Cultivars in Oyo and Makurdi, Nigeria
Abstract
This study conducted at
the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm and Research and Teaching Farm
University of Agriculture Makurdi, 2019. The aim of the experiment is to
examine the effectiveness of variety and weeding regimes on growth and yield components
of cassava. It is a factorial experimental design with two factors, four
varieties (TMS 30555, TMS419, NR8083 and NR8208) and four weeding regime (0, 1,
2 and 3). A 4 x 4 x 3 was laid out in a randomized complete block design
replicated three times. During the research growth characters like plant
height, number of leaves, leaf area and crop growth rate were measured. Other
character like number of plantable stems, fresh weight, root circumference,
Number of roots per plant was also recorded. Results showed that significant
difference (P<0.05) in both the growth and yield components of cassava
variety at different weeding regime. On variety the use of TMS 419 is superior
in both growth and yield component; there was significant difference (P<0.05)
in crop vegetative growth and yield component like plant height (282.28),
number of leaves(238.12), leaf area (72.00) crop growth rate (10.55) plantable
stem (3200.12), fresh weight (10.28), root circumference (8.00) and Number of
root per plant(7.55). With regards to different weeding regime, weeding twice,
recording second after weeding thrice in growth parameters such as plant height
(270.53), number of leaves (237.23) leaf area (73.82) and crop growth rate
(8.01) while higher in yield component of cassava such as fresh weight (9.52),
number of plantable stem (3100.23), root circumference (7.42) and Number of
root per plant (7.01). On location the cultivation of cassava in Oyo superseded
the one in Makurdi in both growth and overall yield. From the study the result
revealed the use of improved variety like TMS 419 and the adoption of twice
weeding for both growth and optimum yield in cassava. This study, therefore,
recommends the use of TMS 419 and twice weeding for cassava farmer in the study
area.
Keywords: Cassava; Weeding regime; Varieties; Yield component
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Study on the Spatial Spillover Effects of Agricultural Carbon Absorption in China
Abstract
Improving agricultural
carbon absorption is an effective means to reduce emissions and increase
absorption in agriculture and to achieve carbon neutrality. Different regions
in China have obvious differences in resource endowments, but few studies have
studied the spatial effects of agricultural carbon absorption in China from a
spatial perspective, and its spatial characteristics are still unclear. In the
context of carbon neutrality, we measured agricultural carbon absorption in 30
Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019 and measured the spatial spillover effects
of agricultural carbon absorption by using a spatial panel Durbin model. The
study finds that: agricultural carbon absorption in China is both positive from
2000 to 2019 but varied widely among provinces. Agricultural carbon absorption
increases over time in 19 provinces, and decreases over time in the remaining
11 provinces. To measure the spatial correlation of inter-provincial
agricultural carbon absorption, the global spatial autocorrelation Moran’s I
index shows that the inter-provincial agricultural carbon absorption in China
presents a significant positive correlation in space and there is local
clustering. As for the spatial effect of agricultural carbon absorption,
agricultural industrial restructuring, economic development level, agricultural
infrastructure level, and environmental regulation policies have a significant
spatial spillover effect on the inter-provincial agricultural carbon absorption
in China.
Keywords: agriculture; carbon absorption; spatial spillover effects
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Attitude And the Level of Consumer Information Towards the Safety of Agricultural Products (Vegetables and Fruits) / A Case Study
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the attitudes of consumers, their level of the information and the classification factors that
influence towards the safety of agricultural products (Vegetables and Fruits) at the purchasing decision through a case study of
workers at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in the Swaida Governorate/Syria during 2021-2022. The data has been
collected from a simple random sample of 170 observations. The classification factors have identified: Age categories, Gender,
marital status, educational qualification and place of residence. The results showed that the education level has a statistically
significant effect at the level of 0.01 on the overall mean of the attitudes of consumers towards the safety of the agricultural products,
which was estimated at 2.2 according to the three-point Likert scale. The overall mean of the information level towards the safety
of agricultural products was estimated about 2.73 according to the four-point Likert scale, and it differed significantly at the level
of 0.01 with the effect of each of the second age category, gender and the place of residence. The largest percentage of the source
of information about food safety is the Internet, at about 73.5%. 41% of the respondents indicated to the encouragement of home
cultivation and irrigation with clean water, and stay away from using waste water to irrigate agricultural products with a percentage
of 41% as well.
Keywords: Agricultural product safety; consumer Attitude; consumer information level; Likert scale
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Abstract
Soil
health is the capability of the soil to sustain plant, animal or living beings
and it functions as a vital living ecosystem. Soil health indicators include
physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Soil physical health is the
ability of soil to meet requirements of plants for water, aeration and strength
over time and indicators include soil bulk density, porosity, water retention,
aggregate stability, etc. that are directly related with the crop productivity
and water use efficiency. Nowadays, soil health becomes a critical factor to
manage and sustain for human as intensive use of chemical fertilizers have
degraded soil health as well as polluted groundwater which leads to low and
stagnating yields of the crop [1]. To improve soil physical health and at the
same time reduce soil degradation, there is need to adopt an integrated use of
organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers consist of farmyard
manure, compost, biogas slurry is having high decomposition rate [2]. So,
alternative organic fertilizer that is biochar can be applied which is
recalcitrant to decomposition for longer period and able to maintain organic
carbon status in the soil. Biochar is the product of the pyrolysis of the crop
biomass that provides a significant opportunity to transform agricultural
residues from the environmental liability to the valuable assets. Biochar is
rich in carbon produced by the thermal decomposition of the organic material
either in partial or complete absence of oxygen [3]. Therefore, application of
biochar in soil has the potential to stabilize organic matter content, helps in
carbon sequestration and increases agricultural productivity.
Keywords: Soil
health; water retention; aggregate stability; ground water; crop productivity
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Brassica
napus L. (canola seeds) is one of the major edible oil sources in all over the
world and is cultivated mainly for its oil rich seed. This study was assessed
the utility to invigorate artificially deteriorated canola seeds (expose to
40°C and 100% Relative humidity for 24 hours) by hydro-priming (distilled water
100ml), halo-priming (NaCl), osmo-priming (KNO3), nutrient-priming (KH2PO4)
solutions of 1, 2, 3 and 4% respectively for 8 hours and compared with control.
Priming treatments cause significant germination percentage increase in
hydro-priming (70%) with maximum seedling vigor index I and II (594.42 and
2.80). In NaCl 1% it was 66.67% as compare to control (48.33%). In KNO3 priming
it was maximum at 4% (58.33%) and in KH2PO4 at 1% (60%). Results of experiment
conclude that hydro-priming induced rapid and uniform germination with increase
in seedling vigor, seedling length, fresh and dry weight.
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Communities need motivation in order to effectively and sustainably participate in conserving the surrounding environmental resources. However the contribution of socio-economic incentives towards improving the livelihoods of communities surrounding rehabilitated ecosystems remains scantly known. This study was an attempt to reveal the less known contribution of socioeconomic incentives towards improving the livelihoods of communities surrounding rehabilitated ecosystems drawing empirical evidences from Kondoa Rehabilitated Rural Areas (KRA), Dodoma, Tanzania. The cross-sectional research design was employed. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 30 respondents from each of the four study villages and make a total of 120 respondent households.
The study was conducted in Mafai, Ntomoko, Kalamba-Juu and Kalamba-Chini villages. Data were collected using pre-tested and pilot-tested questionnaires, focus group discussions and interviews. Ms-Excel and SPSS 20.0 computer software were used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics were employed to reveal various parameters in the study. Chi-square test was further employed to reveal the contribution of economic incentives on the total household income. The study findings revealed five socio-economic incentives which are widely adopted in the KRA namely tree seedlings, fertilizer, improved seeds, beekeeping inputs and education programs. It was further reported from the study findings that the income earned from practicing activities related to socio-economic incentives to be high as it accrues 61% of the total household income.
The Chi-square test further revealed that contribution of socio-economic incentive to total household income is statistically significant at p<0.05. It was concluded from the study findings that socio-economic incentives were highly useful towards enhancing household income and consequently resulting to positive outcomes to the livelihood activities prevailing in the area. The adoption of socio-economic incentives was found quite useful in the course of improving the livelihoods of the households in KRA hence leading to sustainable conservation of the biodiversity resources in KRA. Based on the study findings, the conservationists, environmentalists and policy makers are hereby urged to effectively capacitate the communities surrounding the rehabilitated rural areas with an indepth understanding of how to utilize and commercialize the applied socio-economic incentives so as to effectively conserve the surrounding biodiversity resources while earning substantial income in return.
Keywords: Socio-economic incentives; Livelihoods; Rehabilitated rural areas
Abbrevations: KRA: Kondoa Rehabilitated Rural Areas; NEMC: National Environmental Management Council; LAMP: Land Management Program; HADO: Hifadhi Ardhi Dodoma; HASHI: Hifadhi Ardhi Shinyanga; HIMA: Hifadhi Mazingira Project; SCAPA: Soil Conservation and Agro-forestry Program; KEA: Kondoa Eroded Area; UMBCP: Uluguru Mountain Biodiversity Conservation Project; WCST: Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania; UMADEP: Uluguru Mountain Agriculture Development Project
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